MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

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1. Microbial Biotechnology - Historical Perspectives
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Origins Of Biotechnology
1.3 Single-Cell Protein And Gasohol Projects
1.4 Genetic Engineering
2. Microbial Growth Kinetics
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Microbial Growth Kinetics
2.2.1 Batch Culture
2.2.2 Batch Fed Culture
2.2.3 Continuous Culture
2.2.4 Fermenter
2.2.5 Microbial Cell Population Measurement
2.3 Cell Constituents And Quantification Of Growth
2.4 Thermodynamics Of Growth
2.4.1 Yield Coefficient
2.4.2 Other Yield Coefficients: Yatp And Ykcal
2.5 Effect Of Different Factors On Growth
2.5.1 Intrinsic Factors Affecting Microbial Growth
2.5.2 Extrinsic Factors Affecting Microbial Growth
2.6 Growth And Product Formation
2.7 Fermentation And Types
2.8 Microbial Metabolites
3. Basic Nutrition And Metabolism
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Metabolism
3.2.1 ATP
3.2.2 NAD
3.3 Heterotrophic Types Of Metabolism
3.3.1 Fermentation
3.3.2 Respiration
3.4 Lithotrophic Types Of Metabolism
3.5 Phototrophic Metabolism
3.6 Biosynthesis
3.7 Novel Mechanism
3.7.1 Microbial Biotransformation
3.7.2 Microbial Degradation Of Pesticides
3.7.3 Bioplastics And Biodegradation
3.7.4 Oil Biodegradation
3.7.5 Metabolic Engineering And Biocatalytic Applications
4. Microbial Strain Improvement
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Microbial Strain Improvement
4.2.1 Random Screening
4.2.2 Rational Screening
4.2.3 Other Methods Of Strain Improvement
4.3 Bacterial Genetics
4.3.1 Gene Regulation
4.3.2 Operon
4.3.3 The Tryptophan Operon (Repressible Operon With Additional Transcription Attenuation Control)
4.3.4 The Arabinose Operon (Control By Dna Looping; Single Regulatory Protein-Dual Function)
4.4 Gene Mapping
4.4.1 Transformation
4.4.2 Conjugation
4.4.3 Transduction
5. Microbial And Viral Diseases
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Normal Flora
5.2.1 Normal Flora Of The Skin
5.2.2 Normal Flora Of The Conjunctiva
5.2.3 Normal Flora Of The Respiratory Tract
5.2.4 Normal Flora Of The Urogenital Tract
5.2.5 Normal Flora Of The Human Oral Cavity
5.2.6 Normal Flora Of The Gastrointestinal Tract
5.2.7 The Benefits Of The Normal Flora
5.3 Infection Of Different Systems
5.3.1 Infection To The Digestive System
5.3.2 Infection Of The Respiratory System
5.3.3 Infection To The Cardiovascular And Lymphatic Systems
5.3.4 Infection Of Nervous System
5.3.5 Infection Of Skin
5.3.6 Infection Of The Reproductive System
5.3.7 Eye Diseases
5.4 Viral Diseases
5.4.1 Classification Of Viruses
5.4.2 Replication Of Animal Viruses
5.4.3 How Viruses Cause Disease
5.4.4 Viral Diseases Of Humans
5.5 Chemotherapy
5.5.1 Antibacterial Chemotherapy
5.5.2 Chemotherapeutic Agents
5.5.3 Antiviral Agents
6. Food And Dairy Microbiology
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Microbial Flora
6.2.1 Microbes In Milk
6.2.2 Microbial Flora Of Fresh Foods
6.3 Microbial Spoilage
6.3.1 Air And Oxygen
6.3.2 Moisture
6.3.3 Light
6.3.4 Temperature
6.3.5 Microbial Growth
6.4 Preservation
6.4.1 Chemical Preservation
6.4.2 Preservation By Modified Atmospheres
6.4.3 Preservation By Irradiation
6.4.4 Preservation By Low Temperatures
6.4.5 Preservation By The Use Of High Temperature
6.4.6 Preservation By Drying
6.4.7 Canning
6.5 Single Cell Protein
7. Treatment Schemes Of Waste Water
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Treatment Schemes Of Wastewater
7.2.1 Primary (Mechanical) Treatment
7.2.2 Secondary (Biological) Treatment
7.2.3 Tertiary (Chemical) Treatment
7.2.4 Basic Constituents Of Wastewater
7.3 Water Potability
7.3.1 Water Resources In India
7.3.2 Water Quality Criteria
7.3.3 Surface Water - Major Ions And Other Inorganics
7.3.4 Drinking Water Consumption
7.3.5 Drinking Water As A Source Of Essential Minerals
7.3.6 Access To Drinking Water
7.3.7 Bacteriological Analysis Of Water
7.4 Sewage Sludge Treatment
7.4.1 Digestion
7.4.2 Thermal Depolymerization (Tdp)
7.4.3 Composting
7.4.4 Final Treatment
7.4.5 Advanced Treatment
7.4.6 Sludge Disposal
7.5 Treatment In The Receiving Environment
8. Integration Of Genetic Engineering And Applied Microbiology
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Applications In Agrobiotechnology
8.2.1 Transgenic Plants
8.2.2 Herbicide Resistance
8.2.3 High-Lysine Corn
8.3 Industrial Applications
8.3.1 Oil Recovery
8.3.2 Microbial Processes
8.3.3 Polymer Producers
8.4 Metal Extraction
8.4.1 Mechanisms
8.4.2 Bacterial Leaching Techniques
8.5 Application In Medicine
8.5.1 Somatostatin
8.5.2 Insulin
8.5.3 Human Growth Hormone (HGH) In E. Coli
8.5.4 Industrial Enzymes
8.5.5 Immobilized Enzyme

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