STRUCTURAL BOTANY

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Anatomy
1. Introduction to Plant Anatomy
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Importance of plant anatomy
2. Plant Tissues
2.1 Meristematic tissue (Meristos-Divisible)
2.2 Ground tissue
2.3 Vascular tissues
2.4 Secretory tissue
3. Epidermal Tissue System
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Structure and function of epidermis
3.3 Stomata
3.4 Epidermal outgrowths
3.5 Functions of epidermal tissue system
4. Mechanical Tissue System
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Why is the need of mechanical tissue system?
4.3 Tissues providing mechanical support
4.4 Principles involved in distribution of mechanical tissuees
4.5 Distribution of mechanical tissues
4.4 Inflexibility in stems and leaves
4.5 Incompressibility in stems
4.6 Inextensibility in roots
5. Normal Secondary Growth
5.1 Introduction and need
5.2 Normal secondary growth in annual and perennial stem
5.3 Structure and function of periderm, bark, tyloses, growth rings and           lenticels
6. Anomalous Secondary Growth
6.1 Causes of variations (Causes Leading to Anomalous Secondary                Growth)
6.2 Secondary growth in bignonia stem (Dicot Stem) and raphanus (Dicot      Root)
6.3 Secondary growth in dracaena (Monocot Stem)
      Embryology
1. Definition and Scope
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Scope
2. Microsporangium
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Structure of tetrasporangiate anther
3. Microsporogenesis
3.1 Process
3.2 Cytokinesis and its types
3.3 Types of microspore tetrad
4. Male Gametophyte
4.1 Structure of pollen grain
4.2 Development of male gametophyte
5. Megasporangium
5.1 Structure of megasporangium
5.2 Types of ovule
6. Megasporogenesis
6.1 Megasporogenesis
6.2 Magasporogenesis and types of megaspore tetrads
7. Female Gametophyte
7.1 Structure and development of female gametophyte i.e. typical                 embryo sac (Polygonum Type)
7.2 Types and development of embryo-sacs
8. Fertilization
8.1 Fertilization
8.2 Double fertilization
9. Endosperm types
9.1 Endosperm
9.2 Types of endosperm formation
9.3 Importance of endosperm
10. Embryo
10.1 Formation of embryo
10.2 Structure of the mature dicot embryo
       Palynology
1. Definition, Applications and Importance
1.1 What is palynology?
1.2 Applications and importance of palynology
2. Pollen Structure
2.1 Pollen morphology
2.2 Aperture
2.3 Exine stratification
3. NPC System
3.1 NPC system

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