Thermal Engineering

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1. Fundamentals of Thermodynamics
1. Introduction
2. Concept of Pure Substance
2.1 Definition of Pure Substance
2.2 Types of Systems
2.3 Classification of Systems
2.4 Properties of Systems
2.5 Quasi-Static Process
2.6 Point Function and Path Function
3. Work and Energy
3.1 Work
3.2 Energy (Heat)
3.3 Concepts of Enthalpy and Entropy
4. Laws of Thermodynamics
4.1 Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics
4.2 Temperature Measurement
4.3 Principle of Energy Conversion
4.4 Irreversibility
4.5 First Law of Thermodynamics
4.6 Second Law of Thermodynamics
4.7 Perpetual Motion Machine of the First Kind (PMM 1) (Violates First Law of Thermodynamics)
4.8 Perpetual Motion Machine of the Second Kind (PMM 2) (Violates Second Law of Thermodynamics)
5. Applications of Thermodynamic Laws
5.1 Steady Flow Energy Equation
6. Applications of Second Law to Heat Engine, Heat Pump and Refrigerator
6.1 Heat Engine
6.2 Heat Pump (Reversed Heat Engine)
6.3 Difference between Heat Engine and Refrigerator
Solved Examples
2. Ideal Gases
1. Introduction
2. Ideal Gas
3. Ideal Gas Processes
Solved Problems
3. Steam and Steam Boiler
1. Introduction
2. Generation of Steam at Constant Pressure
2.1 Representation on T-H Charts
3. Various Terms for Steam
4. Properties of Steam
5. Use of Steam Table
6. Quality of Steam (Dryness fraction)
7. Degree of Superheat
8. Vapour Process
Solved Problems by using Mollier chart
9. Rankine Cycle
Solved Examples
10. Steam Boilers
10.1 Classification of Boilers
11. Cochran Boiler
12. Babcock and Wilcox Boiler
13. Modern High Pressure Boilers
13.1 La-Mont Boiler
13.2 Loeffler Boiler
14. Requirements of Good Boilers
15. Comparison between ‘Fire Tube’ and ‘Water-Tube’ Boilers
16. Boiler Draught
16.1 Classification of Draughts
16.2 Natural Draught (Chimney Draught)
16.3 Mechanical Draught
17. Indian Boiler Regulation (IBR)
18. Boiler Mountings
18.1 Safety Valves
18.2 Lever Safety Valve
18.3 Dead Weight Safety Valve
18.4 Spring Loaded Safety Valve
18.5 Water Level Indicator
18.6 Pressure Gauge
18.7 Stop Valve
18.8 Blow of Cock
18.9 Feed Check Valve
18.10 Fusible Plug
19. Boiler Accessories
19.1 Feed Pump
19.2 Superheater
19.3 Economiser
19.4 Air Preheater
19.5 Steam Injector
4. Steam Nozzles and Turbines
1. Introduction
1.1 Continuity Equation
1.2 Types of Nozzles
1.3 Concept of Mach Number
1.4 Critical Pressure
2. Steam Turbine
2.1 Classification of Steam Turbines
2.2 Comparison between Impulse and Reaction turbine
3. Compounding of Turbine (Method of Reducing Rotor Speed)
3.1 Method of Compounding
3.2 Regenerative Feed Heating
3.3 Governing and Its Types
5. Steam Condensers and Cooling Towers
1. Steam Condenser
1.1 Classification of Condensers
1.2 Difference between Jet and Surface Condenser
1.3 Daltons Law of Partial Pressure
1.4 Function of Condenser
1.5 Sources of Air Leakage in Condenser
2. Cooling Towers
2.1 Natural Draught Cooling Tower
2.2 Forced Draught Cooling Tower
2.3 Induced Draught Cooling Tower
2.4 Merits and Demerits of Cooling Tower
Solved Examples
6. Heat Transfer
1. Introduction
2. Modes of Heat Transfer
3. Fourier’s Law of Heat Conduction
3.1 Thermal Conductivity of Materials
3.2 Thermal Resistance (Rth)
3.3 Conduction of Heat through Hollow Cylinder
Solved Examples
3.4 Heat Conduction through a Composite Wall
Solved Examples
3.5 Combined Conduction and Convection Heat Transfer
Solved Examples
4. Heat Transfer by Radiation
5. Heat Exchangers
5.1 Function of Heat Exchangers
5.2 Classification of Heat Exchangers
5.3 Multiphase Heat Exchanger
5.4 Material for Heat Exchangers
5.5 Applications of Heat Exchangers
Solved Examples

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